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Nicotine is a highly addictive drug, which puts you at risk of becoming a lifelong smoker. Teens are especially sensitive to nicotine's addictive effects because their brains are still developing, and this makes it easier to get hooked. Using nicotine at your age can rewire your brain so that it craves more nicotine. Nicotine can also have long-term effects on your attention span, learning, and memory.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
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Holliday ED, Gould TJ. Chronic Nicotine Treatment During Adolescence Attenuates the Effects of Acute Nicotine in Adult Contextual Fear Learning. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2017; 19(1):87-93.
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Yes. If you smoke, and then stop, nicotine cravings may cause your body to go into withdrawal. Common withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, depressed mood, sleeping problems, irritability, and increased appetite.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
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Cigarette smoking can cause premature wrinkles, stained teeth, tooth loss, and ashtray breath. But the effects aren't only skin-deep. Smoking cigarettes changes your blood chemistry. This can leave you vulnerable to blood clots that can cause heart attacks and block blood flow to your heart, brain, or legs. Smoking cigarettes can also cause cancer almost anywhere in your body.
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Chen J, Kettermann A, Rostron BL, Day HR. Biomarkers of exposure among U.S. cigar smokers: an analysis of 1999-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2014; 23(12):2906-2915.
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Chatham-Stephens K, Law R, Taylor E, et al. Notes from the field: calls to poison centers for exposures to electronic cigarettes--United States, September 2010-February 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2014; 63(13):292-293.
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Cigarette smoking is associated with decreased bone density and can increase risk of fracture by impacting bone turnover, the process needed to replace old bone tissue with new bone tissue.
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Al-Bashaireh AM, Haddad LG, Weaver M, Kelly DL, Chengguo X, Yoon S. The effect of tobacco smoking on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review. J Environ Public Health. 2018 Jul 11;2018.
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US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Dept of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
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Ward KD, Klesges RC. A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density. Calcified tissue international. 2001 May;68(5):259-70.
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National Institutes of Health. Smoking and Bone Health. National Institutes of Health Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center; 2018.
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Reumann MK, Schaefer J, Titz B. et al. E-vapor aerosols do not compromise bone integrity relative to cigarette smoke after 6-month inhalation in an ApoE–/– mouse model. Arch. Toxicol. 2020;94:2163–2177.
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Stefaniak AB, LeBouf RF, Ranpara AC, Leonard SS. Toxicology of flavoring- and cannabis-containing e-liquids used in electronic delivery systems, Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2021;224:107838.
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Otero CE, Noeker JA, Brown MM, Wavreil FDM, Harvey WA, Mitchell KA, Heggland SJ. Electronic cigarette liquid exposure induces flavor-dependent osteotoxicity and increases expression of a key bone marker, collagen type i. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 2019;39:888–898.
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Jorde R, Stunes AK, Kubiak J, Grimnes G, Thorsby PM, Syversen U. Smoking and other determinants of bone turnover. PLoS One. 2019 Nov 25;14(11):e0225539.
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Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Balhorn KE, Ryschon KL. Smoking and bone metabolism in elderly women. Bone. 2000 Sep 1;27(3):429-36.
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The nicotine in cigarettes may cause light-headedness. Some people experience dizziness, nausea, and headaches when they smoke, which is your body's way of telling you that smoking isn't good for you.
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Meo SA, Al Asiri SA. Effects of electronic cigarette smoking on human health. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(21):3315-3319.
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No tobacco products are safe for youth. You should know that vaping can expose you to some of the same cancer-causing chemicals found in cigarette smoke, like formaldehyde. Additionally, both cigarettes and vapes can contain nicotine, which is harmful to your brain. E-cigarettes that contain nicotine can expose a user to similar amounts of nicotine as conventional cigarettes.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016.
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England LJ, Aagaard K, Bloch M, et al. Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2017; 72:176-189.
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Counotte DS, Spijker S, Van de Burgwal LH, et al. Long-lasting cognitive deficits resulting from adolescent nicotine exposure in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009; 34(2):299-306.
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Vapes have not been approved to help people quit smoking. The safest option for your health is to be completely tobacco-free, since nicotine in any form can be disruptive to brain development. Quitting smoking is hard, but there are resources that can help: https://teen.smokefree.gov/become-smokefree
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Chun LF, Moazed F, Calfee CS, Matthay MA, Gotts JE. Pulmonary toxicity of e-cigarettes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2017;313(2):L193–L206. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00071.2017.
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Madison M, Landers C, Gu B, et al. Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2019; 129(10).
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Schweitzer KS, Chen SX, Law S, et al. Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and ecigarette vapor exposures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015;309(2):L175–L187. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00411.2014.
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A cigar is any roll of tobacco wrapped in leaf tobacco or any other substance containing tobacco. Cigarillos are a small, narrow type of cigar. Unlike cigarettes, cigarillos do not contain cigarette paper or filters.
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International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 83. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2004.
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No. In fact, they may be even worse for your health than cigarettes. Cigarillo and cigar smoking can cause cancers of the mouth and throat, even if you don’t inhale the smoke. They also contain nicotine and can lead to addiction. Even secondhand cigar smoke contains many of the same harmful and cancer-causing chemicals as cigarette smoke.
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Shanks TG, Burns DM. Disease consequences of cigar smoking. In: Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 9: Cigars–Health Effects and Trends. Bethesda, MD: 1998.
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Chang CM, Corey CG, Rostron BL, Apelberg BJ. Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15:390.
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Rules and Regulations. Federal Register. 2016; 81(90):29061.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 1988.
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National Cancer Institute. Smoking and tobacco control monograph no 9. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 1998.
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2006.
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National Toxicology Program. Tobacco-Related Exposures. In: Report on Carcinogens. Fourteenth Edition. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2016.
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