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Hookah
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Hookah: Q&A
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Question
Is smoking hookah safer than smoking cigarettes?
AnswerNo. An average, hour-long hookah smoking session can expose you to as much smoke as 100 cigarettes. Not only that, nicotine levels in hookah can lead to addiction.
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Question
Doesn't the water in hookahs make them safer?
AnswerThat's a myth. The water in hookahs doesn't filter smoke. Hookah smoke still contains high levels of toxic chemicals such as carbon monoxide, metals, and cancer-causing chemicals. In fact, there is no proof that any device or accessory can make waterpipe smoking less risky.
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Question
What are the health risks involved in smoking hookahs?
AnswerWhen the charcoal in the hookah is heated, it can produce high levels of carbon monoxide, metals, and carcinogens. What's more, the charcoal, tobacco, aluminum foil, and bowl used in smoking hookah can expose you to heavy metals like lead.
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Hookah
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Hookah
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Maziak W, Ward KD, Eissenberg T. Factors related to frequency of narghile (waterpipe) use: the first insights on tobacco dependence in narghile users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2004; 76(1):101-106.
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Rastam S, Eissenberg T, Ibrahim I, Ward KD, Khalil R, Maziak W. Comparative analysis of waterpipe and cigarette suppression of abstinence and craving symptoms. Addictive Behaviors. 2011; 36(5):555-559.
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Aboaziza E, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: what is the evidence that it supports nicotine/tobacco dependence? Tobacco Control. 2015; Suppl. 1:i44-i53.
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Mohammad Y, Shaaban R, Hassan M, et al. Respiratory effects in children from passive smoking of cigarettes and narghile: ISAAC Phase Three in Syria. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2014; 18(11):1279–1284.
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Kassem NOF, Daffa RM, Liles S, et al. Children's exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke carcinogens and toxicants in homes of hookah smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2014; 16(7):961-975.
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Kumar SR, Davies S, Weitzman M, Sherman S. A review of air quality, biological indicators and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke exposure. Tobacco Control. 2014; [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:25480544.
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Hakim F, Hellou E, Goldbart A, Katz R, Bentur Y, Bentur L. The acute effects of water-pipe smoking on the cardiorespiratory system. Chest. 2011; 139(4): 775–781.
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Hookah: Q&A
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smoking & Tobacco Use: Hookahs (Fact Sheet). http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/tobacco_industry/hookahs/. Updated December 17, 2013. Accessed August 18, 2014.
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Cobb C, Ward KD, Maziak W, Shihadeh AL, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2010; 34(3):275-285.
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Noonan D, Kulbok PA. New tobacco trends: waterpipe (hookah) smoking and implications for healthcare providers. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2009; 21(5):258-260.
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Munshi T, Heckman CJ, Darlow S. Association between tobacco waterpipe smoking and head and neck conditions: a systematic review. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2015; 146(10):760-766.
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World Health Organization Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (WHO TobReg). Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Health Effects, Research Needs and Recommended Actions by Regulators. Advisory Note, 2005.
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Chaouachi, K. The medical consequences of narghile (hookah, shisha) use in the world. Epidemiology and Public Health. 2007; 55(3):165-170.
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